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1 background hypothesis
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > background hypothesis
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2 background hypothesis
Математика: основная гипотеза -
3 background hypothesis
мат.English-Russian scientific dictionary > background hypothesis
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4 background hypothesis
Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > background hypothesis
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5 hypothesis
1) гипотеза2) допущение; предположение3) постулат•hypothesis states that — гипотеза утверждает, что
- concurrent hypothesis - empirically testable hypothesis - incompletely confirmable hypothesis - indirectly testable hypothesis - multiple hypothesis - multivariate hypothesisto make a hypothesis — строить гипотезу; выдвигать гипотезу
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6 основная гипотеза
background hypothesis мат., fundamental conjecture, fundamental hypothesis, main hypothesis, principal hypothesis, underlying hypothesisРусско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > основная гипотеза
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7 основная гипотеза
1) Mathematics: background hypothesis, fundamental conjecture, fundamental hypothesis, hauptvermutung, null hypothesis, principal hypothesis, underlying hypothesis2) Economy: main hypothesis -
8 основная гипотеза
мат. background hypothesis, fundamental conjecture, fundamental hypothesis, main hypothesis, principal hypothesis, underlying hypothesisБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > основная гипотеза
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9 desconocido
adj.1 unknown, anonymous, unfamiliar, obscure.2 undiscovered, strange, uncharted.f. & m.stranger, unidentified individual, unknown individual.past part.past participle of spanish verb: desconocer.* * *1→ link=desconocer desconocer► adjetivo1 (no conocido) unknown2 (no reconocido) unrecognized3 (extraño) strange, unfamiliar► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 stranger, unknown person1 the unknown\estar desconocido,-a to be unrecognizable* * *1. (f. - desconocida)noun2. (f. - desconocida)adj.1) unfamiliar2) unknown* * *desconocido, -a1. ADJ1) [gen] unknown2)estar desconocido: con ese traje estás desconocido — I'd hardly recognize you o you're unrecognizable in that suit
después del divorcio está desconocido — he's a changed person o he's like a different person since the divorce
2.SM / F stranger* * *I- da adjetivoa) <hecho/método/sensación> unknownb) <artista/atleta> unknownd) (fam) ( irreconocible)IIahora hasta plancha, está desconocido — he's like a different man, he even does the ironing
- da masculino, femeninoa) ( no conocido) strangerb) ( no identificado)un desconocido le asestó una puñalada — he was stabbed by someone whose identity has not been established
* * *= stranger, unfamiliar, unheard of, unidentified, unknown, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA], outsider, uncharted, unchartered, unheard, unnoticed, unnoted, nomen nescio [N.N.].Ex. Many Americans viewed this influx of strangers with alarm.Ex. We are used to background noise in air conditioned buildings but the introduction of additional and unfamiliar sounds from AV equipment may be disturbing.Ex. Hypermedia offers unheard of opportunities to gain insight into the way young people perceive, process and use information.Ex. Names of speakers from the audience which were not clear from the tapes are listed as ' unidentified'.Ex. Works with unknown or uncertain personal authorship, or works emanating from a body that lacks a name are to be entered under title.Ex. It is undeniable that the ripest crop of unrecognised great inventors, long-lost heirs to dormant peerages, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.Ex. The library director does not want to take the chance that by allowing the trustees to get active he might lose partial control of the library operation to an 'outsider'.Ex. News of boundless timber reserves spread, and before long lumberjacks from the thinning hardwood forests of New England swarmed into the uncharted area with no other possessions than their axes and brawn and the clothing they wore.Ex. This author agrees that the facts listed above are unchartered.Ex. As professionals are informed about the often unspoken and unheard stories relating to hearing loss, they can then serve with greater knowledge, empathy, and hope.Ex. By retrieving and bringing together these two literatures, that implicit unstated, and perhaps unnoticed hypothesis becomes apparent.Ex. This approach draws attention to hitherto unnoted relationships among concepts.Ex. Nomen nescio, abbreviated to N.N., is used to signify an anonymous or non-specific person.----* algo desconocido = virgin territory.* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.* desconocido, lo = unfamiliar, the, unknown, the.* Dimensión Desconocida = The Twilight Zone.* hablar en lengua desconocida = talk in + tongues.* líquido desconocido = foreign substance.* miedo a lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.* miedo hacia lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.* moverse en terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.* pisar terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.* producto desconocido = foreign substance.* salto hacia lo desconocido = leap into + the unknown.* ser desconocido para = be alien to.* ser un desconocido = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.* sustancia desconocida = foreign substance.* terreno desconocido = unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* territorio desconocido = unfamiliar territory, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* * *I- da adjetivoa) <hecho/método/sensación> unknownb) <artista/atleta> unknownd) (fam) ( irreconocible)IIahora hasta plancha, está desconocido — he's like a different man, he even does the ironing
- da masculino, femeninoa) ( no conocido) strangerb) ( no identificado)un desconocido le asestó una puñalada — he was stabbed by someone whose identity has not been established
* * *= stranger, unfamiliar, unheard of, unidentified, unknown, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA], outsider, uncharted, unchartered, unheard, unnoticed, unnoted, nomen nescio [N.N.].Ex: Many Americans viewed this influx of strangers with alarm.
Ex: We are used to background noise in air conditioned buildings but the introduction of additional and unfamiliar sounds from AV equipment may be disturbing.Ex: Hypermedia offers unheard of opportunities to gain insight into the way young people perceive, process and use information.Ex: Names of speakers from the audience which were not clear from the tapes are listed as ' unidentified'.Ex: Works with unknown or uncertain personal authorship, or works emanating from a body that lacks a name are to be entered under title.Ex: It is undeniable that the ripest crop of unrecognised great inventors, long-lost heirs to dormant peerages, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.Ex: The library director does not want to take the chance that by allowing the trustees to get active he might lose partial control of the library operation to an 'outsider'.Ex: News of boundless timber reserves spread, and before long lumberjacks from the thinning hardwood forests of New England swarmed into the uncharted area with no other possessions than their axes and brawn and the clothing they wore.Ex: This author agrees that the facts listed above are unchartered.Ex: As professionals are informed about the often unspoken and unheard stories relating to hearing loss, they can then serve with greater knowledge, empathy, and hope.Ex: By retrieving and bringing together these two literatures, that implicit unstated, and perhaps unnoticed hypothesis becomes apparent.Ex: This approach draws attention to hitherto unnoted relationships among concepts.Ex: Nomen nescio, abbreviated to N.N., is used to signify an anonymous or non-specific person.* algo desconocido = virgin territory.* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.* desconocido, lo = unfamiliar, the, unknown, the.* Dimensión Desconocida = The Twilight Zone.* hablar en lengua desconocida = talk in + tongues.* líquido desconocido = foreign substance.* miedo a lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.* miedo hacia lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.* moverse en terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.* pisar terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.* producto desconocido = foreign substance.* salto hacia lo desconocido = leap into + the unknown.* ser desconocido para = be alien to.* ser un desconocido = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.* sustancia desconocida = foreign substance.* terreno desconocido = unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* territorio desconocido = unfamiliar territory, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* * *1 ‹razón/hecho› unknown; ‹métodos/sensación› unknownpor razones desconocidas vendió todo y se fue for some unknown reason he sold up and leftpartió con destino desconocido she set off for an unknown destinationsu rostro no me era del todo desconocido his face wasn't wholly unfamiliar to meuna sensación de terror hasta entonces desconocida a feeling of terror the like of which I/he had never experienced beforetécnicas hasta ahora desconocidas hitherto unknown techniquessu obra es prácticamente desconocida en Europa her work is practically unknown in Europede origen desconocido of unknown originlo desconocido siempre lo ha intrigado he has always been fascinated by the unknown2 ‹artista/atleta› unknown3 ‹persona›(extraño): una persona desconocida a stranger4 ( fam)(irreconocible): con ese peinado nuevo está desconocida she's unrecognizable o totally changed with her new hairstyleahora hasta plancha, está desconocido he's like a different man o he's a changed person, he even does the ironingmasculine, feminine1 (no conocido) strangerno hables con desconocidos don't talk to strangers2(no identificado): fue atacado por unos desconocidos he was attacked by unknown assailantsun desconocido le asestó una puñalada he was stabbed by an unidentified person o by someone whose identity has not been established* * *
Del verbo desconocer: ( conjugate desconocer)
desconocido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
desconocer
desconocido
desconocer ( conjugate desconocer) verbo transitivoa) ( no conocer):
desconocía este hecho I was unaware of this factb) ( no reconocer):
desconocido◊ -da adjetivo ( en general) unknown;
un cantante desconocido an unknown singer;
una persona desconocida a stranger
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( no conocido) stranger
desconocer verbo transitivo
1 (no saber) not to know, to be unaware of
2 (no reconocer, encontrar muy cambiado) to fail to recognize: ¿tú maquillada?, te desconozco, you with make up?, I can hardly recognize you
desconocido,-a
I adjetivo
1 unknown
una voz desconocida, an unfamiliar voice
2 (irreconocible) unrecognizable: estás desconocida, you have changed a lot
II sustantivo masculino y femenino stranger
III sustantivo masculino lo desconocido, the unknown
' desconocido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anónima
- anónimo
- desconocida
- incierta
- incierto
- inédita
- inédito
- paradero
- extraño
- miedo
- perfecto
English:
mate
- obscure
- strange
- stranger
- undiscovered
- unfamiliar
- unknown
- blind
- outsider
- perfect
* * *desconocido, -a♦ adj1. [no conocido] unknown;su cine es del todo desconocido en Europa his movies are totally unknown in Europe;elementos químicos entonces desconocidos chemical elements then unknown;una enfermedad hasta ahora desconocida a hitherto unknown illness;por causas todavía desconocidas for reasons as yet unknown o which are still unknown;nació en 1821, de padre desconocido he was born in 1821, and it is not known who his father was;el mundo de lo desconocido the world of the unknown;su nombre no me es del todo desconocido his name rings a bell2. [extraño]no dé su teléfono o dirección a personas desconocidas don't give your telephone number or address to strangers3. [sin fama] unknown;escritores jóvenes, casi desconocidos young, almost unknown, writers¿ya no fumas ni bebes? ¡chico, estás desconocido! you don't smoke or drink any more? well, well, you're a changed man!;el viejo bar estaba desconocido the old bar was unrecognizable;así, sin gafas, estás desconocido like that, with no glasses, you're unrecognizable♦ nm,f1. [extraño] stranger;hablar con un desconocido to talk to a stranger;no le abras la puerta a desconocidos don't open the door to strangers2. [persona sin fama] unknown;le dieron el premio a un (perfecto) desconocido they gave the prize to a complete unknown3. [persona sin identificar] unidentified person;un desconocido le disparó un tiro en la cabeza he was shot in the head by an unknown assailant;tres desconocidos prendieron fuego a varias tiendas several shops were set on fire by three unidentified persons* * *I adj unknownII m, desconocida f stranger* * *desconocido, -da adj: unknown, unfamiliardesconocido, -da nextraño: stranger* * *desconocido1 adj1. (no conocido) unknown2. (extraño) strange / unfamiliardesconocido2 n stranger -
10 основа
1) General subject: b, background, base, basis, bottom, cement (союза), essential, fond, foundation, foundation stone, frame, framework, fundamental, grass roots, grass-roots, groundwork, hardpan (чего-л.), hub, juice, keystone, marrow, principium, principium (действия, устройства), principle, radical (основ), skeleton, soul, source, spine, staff, staple (чего-л.), stem, substruction, the nuts and bolts, the pith and marrow, theme, underpinning, warp (ткани), warp and woof, backbone, frame work, footing, centrepiece2) Aviation: starting point4) Engineering: back, backing, base material, base stock, emulsion carrier, haircloth (хлопчатобумажной, полотняной п шерстяной ткани), origin, substrate, substratum, support5) Chemistry: base (несущий слой), basics, body, backsize7) Anatomy: stroma8) Mathematics: fundamentals, parent, principles, stem (of a word)9) Economy: pivot10) Accounting: foundation (экономики)11) Pharmacology: vehicle13) Diplomatic term: formula14) Painting: support (материал, на который наносится картина; полотно, дерево и т.п.)16) Polygraphy: carcass17) Psychology: hypothesis18) Abbreviation: gd20) Electronics: host material21) Information technology: base (носителя записи), element, handle, heart, (пластины жестого диска) substrate material (пластина диска состоит из основы (substrate material) и магнитного покрытия (magnetic media coating), на которое записываются магнитные импульсы)22) Oil: backing (несущий слой), base (сплава, бурового раствора), base (бурового раствора, нефти), base (бурового раствора, нефти)23) Astronautics: ground24) Banking: vast bulk (vast bulk of the industry’s assets)25) Silicates: base surface27) Drilling: matrice material28) Polymers: body (лакокрасочного материала)29) Automation: (принципиальная) backbone, basic, framework (напр. логической схемы)30) Quality control: principle (устройства)32) Makarov: abb (ткани), base (опора, каркас, остов), base (подложка), base material (соединения), base paper (бумага-основа), basis (в абстрактном или переносном значениях), beam thread (ткани), bed-rock (рассуждения и т.п.), carrier, core (ткани), ends (ткани), fountain, framework (логической схемы), haircloth (хлопчатобумажной, полотняной и шерстяной ткани), host material (соединения), immovable foundation, life, mother, padding (клеёнки, линолеума), principle (действия, устройства), sinew, staff and staple, substrate (подложка), support (печатной платы), underlay, vehicle (краски, лака)33) Electrochemistry: parent plate -
11 продолжать
(= продолжить) continue, prolong, produce, extend, carry on, proceed• В данной главе мы продолжим наше изучение... - In this chapter, we will continue our study of...• Дав необходимые объяснения, мы теперь продолжим... - Having provided this background, we now proceed with...• Данная процедура может быть продолжена, она приводит к... - The procedure can be continued, yielding...• К несчастью, многие исследователи продолжают использовать... - Unfortunately, many investigators continue to use...• Как мы должны продолжить? - How should we proceed?• Между тем, мы могли бы продолжить... - In the interim, we may continue to...• Можно было бы продолжить и рассмотреть... - One could proceed further and consider...• Мы могли бы продолжить в том же духе, однако... - We could continue in this way; however,...• Мы могли бы продолжить развитие теории... - We could go on to develop a theory of...• Мы могли бы продолжить это рассуждение дальше. - We may take this argument further.• Мы могли бы продолжить это рассуждение и вывести, что... - We may continue this argument and so deduce that...• Мы могли бы также продолжить... - We could also proceed by...• Мы можем продолжить дальше, только если... - At this point we can only proceed further if...• Мы продолжаем вычислять... - We proceed to calculate...• Мы продолжаем работать с... - We continue to work with...• Мы продолжаем следующим образом. - We proceed as follows.• Мы продолжали верить в то, что... - We persisted in the belief that...• Мы продолжим использовать... - We shall continue to use...• Мы продолжим наше обсуждение более детально. - We now pursue our discussion in more detail.• Мы продолжим это в главе 4. - We shall go further into this in Chapter 4.• Мы теперь продолжим обсуждение скорости, с которой... - We now proceed to discuss the rate at which...• Один из способов продолжить состоит в том, чтобы предположить, что... - One way of proceeding is to suppose that...• Оставляя на короткое время в стороне подобные вещи, мы продолжаем... - Leaving such points for the moment, we proceed to...• Перед тем как продолжить, мы прервемся, чтобы дать... - Before going further we pause to give...• Перед тем как продолжить, заметим, что... - Before proceeding, we observe that...• Перед тем как продолжить, мы должны... - Before advancing further, we should...• Перед тем как продолжить, нам необходимо ввести еще одно определение. - We need one more definition before proceeding with...• Перед тем, как продолжить приводить примеры, мы приведем важное замечание, что... - Before proceeding to give examples, we make the important observation that...• Прежде чем продолжить, мы будем... - Before we go any further, we shall...• Прежде чем продолжить этот анализ, полезно... - Before proceeding with this analysis, it is useful to...• Прежде чем мы продолжим изложение, стоит отметить, что... - Before we go further, it is worth observing that...• Продолжим получение выражений для... - We proceed to obtain expressions for...• Теперь давайте продолжим (изучение) систематически. - Let us now proceed systematically.• Теперь мы продолжим выписывать... - We now proceed to write down...• Теперь мы продолжим описание чрезвычайно общего метода... - We proceed now to describe a very general procedure for...• Чтобы проверить эту гипотезу, мы продолжим... - То test this hypothesis, we proceed to...• Чтобы продолжить далее, мы требуем... - In order to proceed further we require...• Это можно было бы продолжать бесконечно. - This may be continued endlessly. -
12 impression
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13 presupposition
предпосылка имя существительное: -
14 что
1. on the assumption of2. allow for the factто; что — fact that
за что — what for; why
3. due to the factпервое, что надо сделать — the first thing to do
хуже всего то, что … — the worst of it is that …
в предположении, что … — on the hypothesis that …
при условии, что … — under the stipulation that …
4. due to the fact thatпри мысли о том, что … — at the thought that …
распустить слух, что … — to give it out that …
в предвидении того, что … — foreseeingly that …
в свете того, что произошло — in the afterlight
всё, что было прежде — all that has gone before
5. except in so far asясно, что меня не ждали — plainly I was not wanted
она подумала, что я спятил — she thought I was nuts
полагали, что это неразумно — it was felt to be unwise
6. extent thatвероятнее всего, что … — the odds are that …
из-за того, что — by reason of the fact that
с тем условием, что — on that condition that
я утверждаю, что … — my submission is that …
трагедия в том, что … — the tragedy is that …
7. fact is thatя твёрдо убеждён, что … — it is my considered opinion that …
я забыл упомянуть, что … — I had forgotten to mention that …
существует теория о том, что … — the theory prevails that …
мне случайно стало известно, что … — I happen to know that …
8. fact thatна том основании, что — on the grounds that
общеизвестно, что … — it is a truism that …
суд признал, что … — the court held that …
так как, потому что — for the reason that …
9. given thatв том что; это — in that it
10. granted11. in as much asвроде; как будто; почти что — kind of
12. in thatговорят, что его убили — the story goes that he was murdered
авторитетно заявить, что … — to state authoritatively that …
примите пожалуйста к сведению, что — be advised please that
он заплатил всё, что следовало — he paid all that was owing
13. in the effect thatтакого типа, что — such that
14. in the sense ofпри условии; допуская; что; исходя из — on the assumption of
он сказал именно то, что нужно — he said the correct thing
волчок вертится так, что вращение незаметно — the top sleeps
я почувствовал, что пол дрожит — I felt the floor trembling
15. insomuchнастолько, что; до такой степени, что — insomuch that
16. it for no reason than17. it lies in the fact thatдело в том; что — fact is that
если бы не то; что — only that
18. on the ground thatв том смысле; что — extent that
в том смысле; что; тем — in that
19. only thatну что ж, жалеть не стоит — that is just as well
он утверждал, что … — his contention was that …
я очень рад, что … — I am heartily glad that …
всем ясно, что … — it is evident to anyone that …
не удивительно, что … — it is small wonder that …
20. point isдать понять гостям, что пора уходить — to dish up the spurs
вы верите тому, что он говорит? — do you believe his story?
допустим, что это правда — let us assume that this is true
подчеркнуть тот факт, что … — to stress the point that …
21. point to the fact thatтакой тяжёлый, что мне не поднять — too heavy for me to lift
подумать только!; что за затея ! — what an idea!, the idea!
22. question isвопрос состоит в том, что — the question at issue is
уверен, что так и было — I warrant this is the truth
мотивируя тем, что … — alleging as his reason that …
23. the thing isдело в том, что — the question is
24. to the effect that25. to the extent thatбыло условлено, что … — it was understood that …
всё, что может двигаться — everything that moves
лично я думаю, что … — privately, I think that …
я понял, что ошибся — I found that I was mistaken
видит бог, что я память — God is my record that …
26. to the point ofзнать свой урок; знать, что надо делать — to know the drill
этот план как раз то, что нужно — that plan rings the bell
это всё, что я смогу сделать — that is the utmost I can do
27. to the point thatя знаю, что это несправедливо — I know that it is unjust
они ответили, что … — the answer was to the effect that …
вы можете подтвердить, что … — you will bear me out that …
28. whileтолько что, недавно — a while ago
29. as whether or notумение выведать всё, что случилось — to have a nose for news
разобраться в том, что произошло — to sort out what happened
прежде всего; начать с того, что; для начала — for one thing
он не понимает, что хорошо и что плохо — he has no standards
30. becauseсделай это, потому что я так говорю — do it because I say so
31. what; that; which; how; why; what about32. inasmuch asчто он ни посадит, у него всё растёт — he has green fingers
он дал понять, что хочет остаться один — it was a dismissal
вы видели, что случилось? — did you see what was passing?
он чувствовал, что отстаёт — he felt he was getting behind
я бы сказал, что он прав — I should say that he was right
33. whichСинонимический ряд:как (проч.) будто; как; как будто; подобно как; подобно тому как; ровно; словно; точно; чисто -
15 stand
stand [stænd]stand ⇒ 1 (a) étal ⇒ 1 (a) support ⇒ 1 (b) plate-forme ⇒ 1 (c) tribune ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) barre ⇒ 1 (f) position ⇒ 1 (g) mettre ⇒ 2 (a) poser ⇒ 2 (a) supporter ⇒ 2 (b)-(d) se lever ⇒ 3 (a) être debout ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) être ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (e), 3 (f) se tenir ⇒ 3 (b) reposer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (g) se trouver ⇒ 3 (e) rester ⇒ 3 (g) rester valable ⇒ 3 (h) se classer ⇒ 3 (j)(pt & pp stood [stʊd])1 noun(a) (stall, booth → at exhibition, trade fair) stand m; (→ in market) étal m, éventaire m; (kiosk) kiosque m;∎ a shooting stand un stand de tir;∎ newspaper stand kiosque m (à journaux)(b) (frame, support → gen) support m; (→ for lamp, sink) pied m; (→ on bicycle, motorbike) béquille f; (→ for pipes, guns) râtelier m; Commerce (→ for magazines, sunglasses) présentoir m; (lectern) lutrin m;∎ bicycle stand (in street) râtelier m à bicyclettes;∎ plant stand sellette f;∎ plate stand support m à assiette, présentoir m;∎ Commerce revolving stand tourniquet m, présentoir m rotatif(d) (in sports ground) tribune f;∎ the stands roared un rugissement s'éleva des tribunes ou des gradins∎ (taxi) stand station f de taxis(f) (in courtroom) barre f;∎ the first witness took the stand le premier témoin est venu à la barre(g) (position, stance) position f;∎ to take a stand on sth prendre position sur qch;∎ what's your stand on the issue? quelle est votre position sur la question?;∎ he refuses to take a stand il refuse de prendre position∎ to make a stand résister;∎ they made a stand at the foot of the hill ils ont résisté au pied de la colline;∎ to make a stand against an abuse s'opposer résolument à un abus;∎ History Custer's last stand la dernière bataille de Custer∎ a fine stand of corn un beau champ de blé;∎ a stand of bamboo un massif de bambous(a) (set, place) mettre, poser;∎ he stood the boy on a chair il a mis le garçon debout sur une chaise;∎ she stood her umbrella in the corner elle a mis son parapluie dans le coin;∎ to stand sth on (its) end mettre qch debout;∎ help me stand the bedstead against the wall aide-moi à dresser le sommier ou mettre le sommier debout contre le mur(b) (endure, withstand) supporter;∎ his heart couldn't stand the shock son cœur n'a pas résisté au ou n'a pas supporté le choc;∎ it will stand high temperatures without cracking cela peut résister à ou supporter des températures élevées sans se fissurer;∎ how much weight can the bridge stand? quel poids le pont peut-il supporter?;∎ the motor wasn't built to stand intensive use le moteur n'a pas été conçu pour supporter un usage intensif;∎ wool carpeting can stand a lot of hard wear les moquettes en laine sont très résistantes;∎ she's not strong enough to stand another operation elle n'est pas assez forte pour supporter une nouvelle opération;∎ he certainly doesn't stand comparison with Bogart il n'est absolument pas possible de le comparer avec Bogart;∎ their figures don't stand close inspection leurs chiffres ne résistent pas à un examen sérieux∎ I can't stand it any longer! je n'en peux plus!;∎ how can you stand working with him? comment est-ce que vous faites pour ou comment arrivez-vous à travailler avec lui?;∎ I've had as much as I can stand of your griping! j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades!;∎ if there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy s'il y a quelque chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisie;∎ I can't stand (the sight of) him! je ne peux pas le supporter!, je ne peux pas le voir en peinture!;∎ she can't stand Wagner/smokers elle ne peut pas supporter Wagner/les fumeurs;∎ he can't stand flying il déteste prendre l'avion∎ oil company profits could certainly stand a cut une diminution de leurs bénéfices ne ferait aucun mal aux compagnies pétrolières;∎ he could stand a bath! un bain ne lui ferait pas de mal!;∎ American could I stand a drink! je prendrais bien un petit verre!(e) (perform duty of) remplir la fonction de;∎ to stand witness for sb (at marriage) être le témoin de qn∎ to stand sb a meal payer un repas à qn;∎ to stand a chance (of doing sth) avoir de bonnes chances (de faire qch);∎ you don't stand a chance! vous n'avez pas la moindre chance!;∎ the plans stand little chance of being approved les projets ont peu de chances d'être approuvés(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ he refused to stand for the national anthem il a refusé de se lever pendant l'hymne national(b) (be on one's feet) être debout, se tenir debout; (in a specified location, posture) être, se tenir;∎ I've been standing all day je suis resté debout toute la journée;∎ I had to stand all the way j'ai dû voyager debout pendant tout le trajet;∎ she was so tired she could hardly stand elle était si fatiguée qu'elle avait du mal à tenir debout ou sur ses jambes;∎ wear flat shoes if you have to stand a lot portez des chaussures à talons plats si vous devez rester debout pendant des heures;∎ I don't mind standing ça ne me gêne pas de rester debout;∎ don't stand near the edge ne restez pas près du bord;∎ don't just stand there, do something! ne restez pas là à ne rien faire!;∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;∎ I saw her standing at the window je l'ai vue (debout) à la fenêtre;∎ a man stood in the doorway un homme se tenait à la porte;∎ do you see that man standing over there? vous voyez cet homme là-bas?;∎ where should I stand? - beside Yvonne où dois-je me mettre? - à côté d'Yvonne;∎ I'll be standing outside the theatre j'attendrai devant le théâtre;∎ small groups of men stood talking at street corners des hommes discutaient par petits groupes au coin des rues;∎ he was standing at the bar il était debout au comptoir;∎ is there a chair I can stand on? y a-t-il une chaise sur laquelle je puisse monter?;∎ they were standing a little way off ils se tenaient un peu à l'écart;∎ excuse me, you're standing on my foot excusez-moi, vous me marchez sur le pied;∎ American to stand in line faire la queue;∎ School stand in the corner! au coin!;∎ to stand upright or erect se tenir droit;∎ he was so nervous he couldn't stand still il était si nerveux qu'il ne tenait pas en place;∎ I stood perfectly still, hoping they wouldn't see me je me suis figé sur place en espérant qu'ils ne me verraient pas;∎ stand still! ne bougez pas!, ne bougez plus!;∎ stand with your feet apart écartez les pieds;∎ the heron was standing on one leg le héron se tenait debout sur une patte;∎ to stand on tiptoe se tenir sur la pointe des pieds;∎ stand and deliver! la bourse ou la vie!;∎ figurative to stand on one's own two feet se débrouiller tout seul;∎ figurative he left the others standing (gen) il était de loin le meilleur; (in race) il a laissé les autres sur place(c) (be upright → post, target etc) être debout;∎ not a stone (of the building) was left standing le bâtiment était complètement détruit;∎ the house is still standing la maison tient toujours debout;∎ the aqueduct has stood for centuries l'aqueduc est là depuis des siècles;∎ the wheat stood high les blés étaient hauts(d) (be supported, be mounted) reposer;∎ the coffin stood on trestles le cercueil reposait sur des tréteaux;∎ the house stands on solid foundations la maison repose ou est bâtie sur des fondations solides;∎ figurative this argument stands on three simple facts ce raisonnement repose sur trois simples faits∎ the fort stands on a hill la forteresse se trouve en haut d'une colline;∎ this is where the city gates once stood c'est ici qu'autrefois se dressaient les portes de la ville;∎ the piano stood in the centre of the room le piano était au centre ou occupait le centre de la pièce;∎ the bottles stood in rows of five les bouteilles étaient disposées en rangées de cinq;∎ do you see the lorry standing next to my car? vous voyez le camion qui est à côté de ma voiture?;∎ a wardrobe stood against one wall il y avait une armoire contre un mur(f) (indicating current state of affairs, situation) être;∎ how do things stand? où en est la situation?;∎ I'd like to know where I stand with you j'aimerais savoir où en sont les choses entre nous;∎ I don't know where I stand j'ignore quelle est ma situation ou ma position;∎ you never know how or where you stand with her on ne sait jamais sur quel pied danser avec elle;∎ as things stand, as matters stand telles que les choses se présentent;∎ he's dissatisfied with the contract as it stands il n'est pas satisfait du contrat tel qu'il a été rédigé;∎ just print the text as it stands imprimez le texte tel quel;∎ he stands accused of rape il est accusé de viol;∎ she stands alone in advocating this approach elle est la seule à préconiser cette approche;∎ I stand corrected je reconnais m'être trompé ou mon erreur;∎ the doors stood wide open les portes étaient grandes ouvertes;∎ I've got a taxi standing ready j'ai un taxi qui attend;∎ the police are standing ready to intervene la police se tient prête à intervenir;∎ the party stands united behind him le parti est uni derrière lui;∎ no-one stands above the law personne n'est au-dessus des lois;∎ their turnover now stands at three million pounds leur chiffre d'affaires atteint désormais les trois millions de livres;∎ the exchange rate stands at 5 francs to the dollar le taux de change est de 5 francs pour un dollar;∎ we're standing right behind you nous sommes avec vous;∎ with the union standing behind him avec le soutien du syndicat;∎ nothing stood between her and victory rien ne pouvait désormais l'empêcher de gagner;∎ it's the only thing standing between us and financial disaster c'est la seule chose qui nous empêche de sombrer dans un désastre financier;∎ to stand in need of… avoir besoin de…;∎ he stands in danger of losing his job il risque de perdre son emploi;∎ I stood lost in admiration j'en suis resté béat d'admiration;∎ to stand in sb's way bloquer le passage à qn;∎ figurative don't stand in my way! n'essaie pas de m'en empêcher!;∎ nothing stands in our way now maintenant, la voie est libre;∎ if you want to leave school I'm not going to stand in your way si tu veux quitter l'école, je ne m'y opposerai pas;∎ it's his lack of experience that stands in his way c'est son manque d'expérience qui le handicape;∎ their foreign debt stands in the way of economic recovery leur dette extérieure constitue un obstacle à la reprise économique;∎ her pride is the only thing standing in the way of their reconciliation son orgueil est le seul obstacle à leur réconciliation∎ the machines stood idle les machines étaient arrêtées;∎ the houses stood empty awaiting demolition les maisons, vidées de leurs occupants, attendaient d'être démolies;∎ time stood still le temps semblait s'être arrêté;∎ the car has been standing in the garage for a year ça fait un an que la voiture n'a pas bougé du garage;∎ I've decided to let my flight reservation stand j'ai décidé de ne pas changer ma réservation d'avion;∎ let the mixture stand until the liquid is clear laissez reposer le mélange jusqu'à ce que le liquide se clarifie;∎ the champion stands unbeaten le champion reste invaincu;∎ his theory stood unchallenged for a decade pendant dix ans, personne n'a remis en cause sa théorie;∎ the government will stand or fall on the outcome of this vote le maintien ou la chute du gouvernement dépend du résultat de ce vote;∎ united we stand, divided we fall l'union fait la force∎ my invitation still stands vous êtes toujours invité;∎ the verdict stands unless there's an appeal le jugement reste valable à moins que l'on ne fasse appel;∎ even with this new plan, our objection still stands ce nouveau projet ne remet pas en cause notre objection première;∎ the bet stands le pari tient;∎ what you said last week, does that still stand? et ce que tu as dit la semaine dernière, ça tient toujours?(i) (measure → person, tree) mesurer;∎ she stands 5 feet in her stocking feet elle mesure moins de 1,50 m pieds nus;∎ the building stands ten storeys high l'immeuble compte dix étages∎ this hotel stands among the best in the world cet hôtel figure parmi les meilleurs du monde;∎ American she stands first/last in her class elle est la première/la dernière de sa classe;∎ I know she stands high in your opinion je sais que tu as une très bonne opinion d'elle;∎ for price and quality, it stands high on my list en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, je le range ou le compte parmi les meilleurs∎ how or where does he stand on the nuclear issue? quelle est sa position ou son point de vue sur la question du nucléaire?;∎ you ought to tell them where you stand vous devriez leur faire part de votre position∎ to stand to lose risquer de perdre;∎ to stand to win avoir des chances de gagner;∎ they stand to make a huge profit on the deal ils ont des chances de faire un bénéfice énorme dans cette affaire;∎ no one stands to gain from a quarrel like this personne n'a rien à gagner d'une telle querelle∎ she stood for Waltham elle a été candidate à la circonscription de Waltham;∎ will he stand for re-election? va-t-il se représenter aux élections?;∎ she's standing as an independent elle se présente en tant que candidate indépendante∎ no standing (sign) arrêt interdit∎ you're standing c'est ta tournéerester là;∎ we stood about or around waiting for the flight announcement nous restions là à attendre que le vol soit annoncé;∎ the prisoners stood about or around in small groups les prisonniers se tenaient par petits groupes;∎ after Mass, the men stand about or around in the square après la messe, les hommes s'attardent sur la place;∎ I can't afford to pay people to stand around all day doing nothing je n'ai pas les moyens de payer les gens à ne rien faire;∎ I'm not just going to stand about waiting for you to make up your mind! je n'ai pas l'intention de rester là à attendre que tu te décides!(move aside) s'écarter;∎ stand aside, someone's fainted! écartez-vous, quelqu'un s'est évanoui!;∎ he politely stood aside to let us pass il s'écarta ou s'effaça poliment pour nous laisser passer;∎ figurative to stand aside in favour of sb (gen) laisser la voie libre à qn; Politics se désister en faveur de qn(a) (move back) reculer, s'écarter;∎ stand back from the doors! écartez-vous des portes!;∎ she stood back to look at herself in the mirror elle recula pour se regarder dans la glace;∎ the painting is better if you stand back from it le tableau est mieux si vous prenez du recul(b) (be set back) être en retrait ou à l'écart;∎ the house stands back from the road la maison est en retrait (de la route)(c) (take mental distance) prendre du recul;∎ I need to stand back and take stock j'ai besoin de prendre du recul et de faire le point➲ stand by(a) (support → person) soutenir;∎ I'll stand by you through thick and thin je te soutiendrai ou je resterai à tes côtés quoi qu'il arrive∎ to stand by an agreement respecter un accord;∎ I stand by what I said/my original analysis of the situation je m'en tiens à ce que j'ai dit/ma première analyse de la situation(a) (not intervene) rester là (sans rien faire ou sans intervenir);∎ how could you just stand by and watch them mistreat that poor dog? comment as-tu pu rester là à les regarder maltraiter ce pauvre chien (sans intervenir)?;∎ I stood by helplessly while they searched the room je restais là, impuissant, pendant qu'ils fouillaient la pièce(b) (be ready → person) être ou se tenir prêt; (→ vehicle) être prêt; (→ army, embassy) être en état d'alerte;∎ the police were standing by to disperse the crowd la police se tenait prête à disperser la foule;∎ we have an oxygen machine standing by nous avons une machine à oxygène prête en cas d'urgence;∎ stand by! attention!; Nautical paré!, attention!;∎ Aviation stand by for takeoff préparez-vous pour le décollage;∎ Radio stand by to receive prenez l'écoute;∎ Military standing by for orders! à vos ordres!∎ will he stand down in favour of a younger candidate? va-t-il se désister en faveur d'un candidat plus jeune?(b) (leave witness box) quitter la barre;∎ you may stand down, Mr Simms vous pouvez quitter la barre, M. Simms∎ stand down! (after drill) rompez (les rangs)!(workers) licencier(a) (represent) représenter;∎ what does DNA stand for? que veut dire l'abréviation ADN?;∎ the R stands for Ryan le R signifie Ryan;∎ the dove stands for peace la colombe symbolise la paix;∎ we want our name to stand for quality and efficiency nous voulons que notre nom soit synonyme de qualité et d'efficacité;∎ she supports the values and ideas the party once stood for elle soutient les valeurs et les idées qui furent autrefois celles du parti;∎ I detest everything that they stand for! je déteste tout ce qu'ils représentent!∎ I'm not going to stand for it! je ne le tolérerai ou permettrai pas!assurer le remplacement;∎ to stand in for sb remplacer qn; Cinema doubler qnNautical (coast, island) croiser au large de;∎ they have an aircraft carrier standing off Aden ils ont un porte-avions qui croise au large d'Aden(a) (move away) s'écarter∎ the veins in his neck stood out les veines de son cou saillaient ou étaient gonflées∎ the pink stands out against the green background le rose ressort ou se détache sur le fond vert;∎ the masts stood out against the sky les mâts se découpaient ou se dessinaient contre le ciel;∎ the name on the truck stood out clearly le nom sur le camion était bien visible;∎ she stands out in a crowd on la remarque dans la foule;∎ figurative I don't like to stand out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser;∎ this one book stands out from all his others ce livre-ci surclasse tous ses autres livres;∎ there is no one issue which stands out as being more important than the others il n'y a pas une question qui soit plus importante que les autres;∎ the qualities that stand out in his work les qualités marquantes de son œuvre;∎ she stands out above all the rest elle surpasse ou surclasse tous les autres;∎ the day stands out in my memory cette journée est marquée d'une pierre blanche dans ma mémoire;∎ familiar that stands out a mile! (is very obvious) ça se voit comme le nez au milieu de la figure!;∎ it really stands out that he's not a local ça se voit ou se remarque vraiment qu'il n'est pas d'ici(c) (resist, hold out) tenir bon, tenir, résister;∎ they won't be able to stand out for long ils ne pourront pas tenir ou résister longtemps;∎ to stand out against (attack, enemy) résister à; (change, tax increase) s'opposer avec détermination à;∎ to stand out for sth revendiquer qch;∎ they are standing out for a pay increase ils revendiquent ou réclament une augmentation de salaire(watch over) surveiller;∎ I can't work with someone standing over me je ne peux pas travailler quand quelqu'un regarde par-dessus mon épaule;∎ she stood over him until he'd eaten every last bit elle ne l'a pas lâché avant qu'il ait mangé la dernière mietteBritish (postpone) remettre (à plus tard);∎ I'd prefer to stand this discussion over until we have more information je préférerais remettre cette discussion jusqu'à ce que nous disposions de plus amples renseignementsBritish être remis (à plus tard);∎ we have two items standing over from the last meeting il nous reste deux points à régler depuis la dernière réunion➲ stand toMilitary mettre en état d'alerteMilitary se mettre en état d'alerte;∎ stand to! à vos postes!être ou rester solidaire➲ stand up(a) (set upright → chair, bottle) mettre debout;∎ they stood the prisoner up against a tree ils ont adossé le prisonnier à un arbre;∎ stand the ladder up against the wall mettez ou appuyez l'échelle contre le mur;∎ to stand a child up (again) (re)mettre un enfant sur ses pieds∎ I was stood up twice in a row on m'a posé un lapin deux fois de suite(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she stood up to offer me her seat elle se leva pour m'offrir sa place;∎ stand up! levez-vous!, debout!;∎ figurative to stand up and be counted avoir le courage de ses opinions(b) (be upright) être debout;∎ I can't get the candle to stand up straight je n'arrive pas à faire tenir la bougie droite∎ how is that repair job standing up? est-ce que cette réparation tient toujours?(d) (be valid → argument, claim) être valable, tenir debout;∎ his evidence won't stand up in court son témoignage ne sera pas valable en justicedéfendre;∎ to stand up for oneself se défendre∎ to stand up to sth résister à qch;∎ to stand up to sb tenir tête à ou faire face à qn;∎ he's too weak to stand up to her il est trop faible pour lui tenir tête;∎ she had a hard time standing up to their criticism ça ne lui a pas été facile de faire face à leurs critiques;∎ it won't stand up to that sort of treatment ça ne résistera pas à ce genre de traitement;∎ her hypothesis doesn't stand up to empirical testing son hypothèse ne résiste pas à la vérification expérimentale
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